Improved probabilistic pseudo-morphology for noise reduction in color images

Test images, of size 256 × 256, from top to bottom: original, corrupted with uncorrelated noise and correlated noise. From left to right: Fabric0000, Blonde, Lena, Peppers, Sailboat, Fractal-0.1.


k = 0.5	k = 1.0	k = 1.5

Filtering results for Fabric0000 with uncorrelated noise, using OrigPPM (top row) and NewPPM (bottom row).


k = 0.5	k = 1.0	k = 1.5

Filtering results for Fabric0000 with correlated noise, using OrigPPM (top row) and NewPPM (bottom row).


k = 0.5	k = 1.0	k = 1.5

Filtering results for Blonde with uncorrelated noise, using OrigPPM (top row) and NewPPM (bottom row).


k = 0.5	k = 1.0	k = 1.5

Filtering results for Blonde with correlated noise, using OrigPPM (top row) and NewPPM (bottom row).


k = 0.5	k = 1.0	k = 1.5

Filtering results for Lena with uncorrelated noise, using OrigPPM (top row) and NewPPM (bottom row).


k = 0.5	k = 1.0	k = 1.5

Filtering results for Lena with correlated noise, using OrigPPM (top row) and NewPPM (bottom row).


k = 0.5	k = 1.0	k = 1.5

Filtering results for Peppers with uncorrelated noise, using OrigPPM (top row) and NewPPM (bottom row).


k = 0.5	k = 1.0	k = 1.5

Filtering results for Peppers with correlated noise, using OrigPPM (top row) and NewPPM (bottom row).


k = 0.5	k = 1.0	k = 1.5

Filtering results for Sailboat with uncorrelated noise, using OrigPPM (top row) and NewPPM (bottom row).


k = 0.5	k = 1.0	k = 1.5

Filtering results for Sailboat with correlated noise, using OrigPPM (top row) and NewPPM (bottom row).


k = 0.5	k = 1.0	k = 1.5

Filtering results for Fractal-0.1 with uncorrelated noise, using OrigPPM (top row) and NewPPM (bottom row).


k = 0.5	k = 1.0	k = 1.5

Filtering results for Fractal-0.1 with correlated noise, using OrigPPM (top row) and NewPPM (bottom row).

MargRGB	MargLab	LexRGB	LexLab
GroupInv	α-trimmed	OrigPPM(k=0.3)	NewPPM(k=0.4)

Filtering results for Fabric0000 with uncorrelated noise.

MargRGB	MargLab	LexRGB	LexLab
GroupInv	α-trimmed	OrigPPM(k=0.7)	NewPPM(k=0.7)

Filtering results for Fabric0000 with correlated noise.

MargRGB	MargLab	LexRGB	LexLab
GroupInv	α-trimmed	OrigPPM(k=0.3)	NewPPM(k=0.7)

Filtering results for Blonde with uncorrelated noise.

MargRGB	MargLab	LexRGB	LexLab
GroupInv	α-trimmed	OrigPPM(k=0.9)	NewPPM(k=1.0)

Filtering results for Blonde with correlated noise.

MargRGB	MargLab	LexRGB	LexLab
GroupInv	α-trimmed	OrigPPM(k=0.4)	NewPPM(k=0.7)

Filtering results for Lena with uncorrelated noise.

MargRGB	MargLab	LexRGB	LexLab
GroupInv	α-trimmed	OrigPPM(k=1.0)	NewPPM(k=1.0)

Filtering results for Lena with correlated noise.

MargRGB	MargLab	LexRGB	LexLab
GroupInv	α-trimmed	OrigPPM(k=0.5)	NewPPM(k=0.8)

Filtering results for Peppers with uncorrelated noise.

MargRGB	MargLab	LexRGB	LexLab
GroupInv	α-trimmed	OrigPPM(k=1.0)	NewPPM(k=1.0)

Filtering results for Peppers with correlated noise.

MargRGB	MargLab	LexRGB	LexLab
GroupInv	α-trimmed	OrigPPM(k=0.6)	NewPPM(k=0.9)

Filtering results for Sailboat with uncorrelated noise.

MargRGB	MargLab	LexRGB	LexLab
GroupInv	α-trimmed	OrigPPM(k=1.1)	NewPPM(k=1.1)

Filtering results for Sailboat with correlated noise.

MargRGB	MargLab	LexRGB	LexLab
GroupInv	α-trimmed	OrigPPM(k=0.1)	NewPPM(k=0.1)

Filtering results for Fractal-0.1 with uncorrelated noise.

MargRGB	MargLab	LexRGB	LexLab
GroupInv	α-trimmed	OrigPPM(k=0.3)	NewPPM(k=0.3)

Filtering results for Fractal-0.1 with correlated noise.

Errors for Fabric0000.



	Uncorrelated noise			Correlated noise

Image	MAE	NMSE x10²	_Lab	MAE	NMSE x10²	_Lab

Noisy	25.00	6.72	25.33	24.98	6.70	13.14
MargRGB	12.59	2.30	9.16	12.64	2.32	6.87
MargLab	12.78	2.43	8.57	12.69	2.32	5.90
LexRGB	20.39	6.08	18.37	15.76	4.32	9.62
LexLab	20.13	5.89	17.75	15.43	4.23	9.47
GroupInv	12.04	2.17	8.36	12.54	2.29	6.65
-trimmed	16.68	3.63	14.47	14.51	2.80	7.76
OrigPPM	11.64	2.06	6.98	11.56	2.05	5.24
NewPPM	11.60	2.06	6.98	11.56	2.05	5.24

Errors for Blonde.



	Uncorrelated noise			Correlated noise

Image	MAE	NMSE x10²	_Lab	MAE	NMSE x10²	_Lab

Noisy	21.58	1.92	21.22	21.53	1.92	11.58
MargRGB	9.67	0.35	7.89	9.72	0.36	6.50
MargLab	9.66	0.36	7.65	9.63	0.36	5.80
LexRGB	18.22	2.33	15.61	14.25	1.90	9.16
LexLab	17.19	2.27	14.51	13.61	1.86	8.82
GroupInv	9.21	0.32	7.31	9.61	0.35	6.28
-trimmed	12.37	0.68	12.86	9.18	0.39	6.47
OrigPPM	8.91	0.30	6.55	8.11	0.26	5.16
NewPPM	8.76	0.29	6.51	7.80	0.24	4.98

Errors for Lena.



	Uncorrelated noise			Correlated noise

Image	MAE	NMSE x10²	_Lab	MAE	NMSE x10²	_Lab

Noisy	24.76	4.81	24.78	24.68	4.78	12.77
MargRGB	9.70	0.89	8.45	9.53	0.88	6.11
MargLab	9.98	0.93	8.20	9.65	0.90	5.32
LexRGB	18.14	3.90	17.59	13.32	2.69	9.06
LexLab	18.09	3.68	17.27	12.73	2.55	8.71
GroupInv	9.07	0.81	7.67	9.42	0.86	5.88
-trimmed	15.68	2.14	16.23	11.82	1.32	7.56
OrigPPM	8.95	0.86	6.69	8.31	0.72	4.70
NewPPM	8.70	0.80	6.66	8.28	0.71	4.67

Errors for Peppers.



	Uncorrelated noise			Correlated noise

Image	MAE	NMSE x10²	_Lab	MAE	NMSE x10²	_Lab

Noisy	24.11	5.56	23.72	24.11	5.58	12.68
MargRGB	10.17	1.21	8.88	10.28	1.22	6.93
MargLab	10.64	1.29	8.69	10.18	1.22	5.99
LexRGB	18.59	5.24	17.87	14.55	3.96	10.57
LexLab	18.28	4.84	17.02	13.56	3.53	9.71
GroupInv	9.59	1.11	8.13	10.15	1.20	6.74
-trimmed	15.47	2.67	14.70	12.63	1.90	8.22
OrigPPM	10.06	1.35	7.73	9.35	1.13	5.67
NewPPM	9.61	1.20	7.58	9.30	1.11	5.67

Errors for Sailboat.



	Uncorrelated noise			Correlated noise

Image	MAE	NMSE x10²	_Lab	MAE	NMSE x10²	_Lab

Noisy	24.56	4.68	25.27	24.57	4.69	13.16
MargRGB	11.43	1.48	9.93	11.49	1.39	7.72
MargLab	12.09	1.48	9.62	11.73	1.44	6.92
LexRGB	19.72	4.52	19.17	15.47	3.28	10.87
LexLab	19.16	3.98	17.88	14.58	2.92	10.16
GroupInv	10.86	1.29	9.07	11.38	1.37	7.48
-trimmed	18.05	2.96	18.72	14.03	2.04	9.52
OrigPPM	11.69	1.52	8.54	10.76	1.34	6.66
NewPPM	11.04	1.40	8.42	10.71	1.33	6.62

Errors for Fractal-0.1.



	Uncorrelated noise			Correlated noise

Image	MAE	NMSE x10²	_Lab	MAE	NMSE x10²	_Lab

Noisy	25.46	4.99	25.28	25.48	5.00	12.78
MargRGB	11.68	1.07	11.96	11.72	1.08	10.90
MargLab	12.39	1.21	12.03	11.74	1.09	10.11
LexRGB	20.15	4.23	21.15	16.88	3.25	14.89
LexLab	20.43	4.21	19.91	16.19	3.06	14.44
GroupInv	11.13	0.98	11.38	11.50	1.04	10.64
-trimmed	17.73	2.45	20.01	14.24	1.59	13.04
OrigPPM	10.77	0.91	11.02	10.77	0.91	10.32
NewPPM	10.77	0.91	11.02	10.77	0.91	10.32